Digital Literacy and Technology Access Among Patients at a Student-Run Free Clinic

Kristina Khaw; Angelica Piccini; Arnold Rojas; Bryan Chen; Iris Hagans

doi:10.59586/jsrc.v12i1.582

Kristina Khaw Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Angelica Piccini Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Arnold Rojas Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Bryan Chen Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Iris Hagans, MD Cooper University Health Care

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59586/jsrc.v12i1.582

Keywords: family practice, health literacy, telemedicine, health services accessibility, electronic health records

Abstract

Background: Although telemedicine expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic, a digital divide remains that may limit the implementation in clinics serving underserved patient populations. To assess barriers to digital health services, this study investigates technological capabilities and access among low-income, uninsured patients at a student-run free clinic (SRFC).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted over five weeks among patients at a SRFC. Patients over 18 years old (yo) who provided consent and demonstrated capacity completed a survey assessing demographics, device ownership, Wi-Fi access, technology proficiency, and knowledge of electronic medical records. Patient age groups were compared to matched United States population data.

Results: Among 109 patients (mean age 49.7 ± 11.6 years), 93.5% identified as Hispanic/Latino and 82.3% preferred Spanish. Smartphone ownership was high (87.2% vs 90% U.S., p = 0.323), comparable to the US population. However, fewer patients had reliable Wi-Fi access (70.6% vs 95% U.S., p < 0.001) and fewer owned other devices such as computers or tablets (32.1% vs 66% U.S., p < 0.001). While 75.2% reported at least basic proficiency with their devices, only 41.2% knew how to access their records, and just 23.9% had ever been taught how. By age group, smartphone ownership mirrored national rates (p > 0.05). However, only the youngest (18–29 years) and oldest (65+ years) groups had Wi-Fi access comparable to their US counterparts, with middle-aged groups showing lower levels.

Conclusion: Despite high smartphone ownership, significant gaps in digital literacy remain in underserved populations. These findings suggest smartphone-based digital health solutions could improve healthcare access, but tailored educational programs are needed to enhance digital literacy and empower patients to use electronic medical records. Future research should explore innovative strategies to reduce digital disparities and improve health outcomes in these communities.